1. Present Simple Tense ( I do )
Is used to talk about things in general, happens all the time.
Key words: Usually, Generally, today, this year, every day, every weekend, every holiday, for facts

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


Verb (V); Kata Kerja (Active)

+ S + V1 + O They play football game together everyday
- S + do/does + not + V1+ O They do not play football game together
? Do/does + S + V1 + O Do They play football game together?
?- Do/does + not + S + V1 + O Don’t They play football game together?

Verb (passive)

+ S + to be + VIII + by.. The football game is played by them
- S + to be + not + VIII+by… The football game is not played by them
? to be + S + V1III + by.. is the football game played by them?
?- to be + not + S + V1II + by.. isn’t the football game played by them?

Adjective (adj); kata sifat

+ S + to be + adj + O The garden is very beautiful
- S + to be + not + adj+ O The garden is not very beautiful
? to be + S + adj + O is the garden beautiful?
?- to be + not + S + adj + O isn’t the garden beautiful?

Noun; kata benda

+ S + to be + noun it is a house
- S + to be + not + noun it is not a house
? to be + S + noun is it a house?
?- to be + not + S + noun isn’t it a house?


2. Present Continuous Tense ( I am doing)
Is used to talk about - something which is happening at or around the time of speaking.
Ex; Ali is sleeping right now.

- Something generally in progress this week, this month, this year
Ex: She is writing another book this year.
Verb ( Active)

+ S + to be + V1 + ing + O She is studying English now
- S + to be + not + V1 + ing + O She is not studying English now
? to be + S + V1+ ing + O Is she studying English now?
?- to be + not + S + V1+ ing + O Isn’t she studying English now?

Verb (Passive)

+ S + to be + being + VIII + O English is being studied by her now
- S + to be + not +being + VIII + O English is not being studied by her now
? to be + S + being +VIII + O Is English being studied by her now?
?- to be + not + S +being+ VIII+ O Isn’t English being studied by her now?

Present Tense VS Present Continuous Tense


Present Continuous ( I am doing)

At the time of speaking

I am doing

Past Now Future

The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off?

Listen to those people, what language are they speaking.

Where is Tom? ‘He is playing tennis.”

For longer period

The author is writing another book this year.

I am taking an English course this month


For temporary situation (sementara);
I am living with some friends, until I can find a flat.

I am having English training at Bims at the moment.

Always

I am always losing things (does not mean that I lose things every time) it means I lose things too often

You are always watching television. You should do something more active.

John is never satisfied. He is always complaining.

For future meaning
When we are talking about timetables (fix time), programmed, etc.

“ what time does the movie start?
“ The train leaves Jakarta at 10.00 and arrives in Jogja at 13.00
“ Tomorrow is Wednesday”


Present simple ( I do)


I do

Past Now Future

Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.

Excuse me, do you speak English?


Tom Plays tennis every Saturday.


The author writes book every year (habitual)

I take English course every 2 months.(regular)

For Permanent situation (tetap);
My parents live in Aceh. They have been there for 20 years.

I study at Bims for my bachelor.


Always

I always lose things ( I lose things every time)


I always watch television at home (the activity still normal)


For future meaning

A: Ani is coming tomorrow.
B : What time is she arriving?
A : At 10.15

A : What are you doing tomorrow evening?
B : I am going to the theatre ( ‘not go)

A : Are you playing football tomorrow?
B : yes, but Ali is not playing. He has hurt his leg.


There are exceptions (pengecualian) of some verbs are used only in simple tenses, can not be used in continuous tenses;

S`+ V1 + O S + to be + V1 + ing + O

Want like belongI know suppose remember
Need love see realize mean forget
P2efer hate hear believe understand seem


Present Continuous µense ( I am going to do ) for a future meaning;
Is used what we`intend to do

A : There’s a film on television tonight. Are you`going to watch it?
B : No, I’m too tired. I’m going to have an %arly night.

A : Have you made the coffee yet?
B : No, but I’m 'oing to make it.

He does not know where he is going, he is going to fall into the hole.
Look at those black cloulds, it is going to rain. (the clouds are there now)
Oh, I feel terrible. I dhink I’m going to be sisk. ( I feel terrible now)


We use was/were going to say what someone intended to do in the past ( but did not do)

- We were going to travel by train but then we decided to go by car

A : Did tom do the examination?
B : No, he was going to do it but in the end he changed his mind.

- I was just going to cross the road when someone shouted “stop”.


We can use both I am doing / I am going to do for future meaning; for some one has arranged to do


What time are you meeting Ann?
I am traveling to Aceh on Monday


are you going to meet Ann?
I’m going to travel

NONPROGRESSIVE VERBS

(1)Mental state Know believe Imagine want
Realize feel doubt need
Understand suppose remember prefer
Recognize think* forget mean

(2)Emotional love hate fear mind
State like dislike envy care
appreciate

(3) Possession posses Have* own belong

(4)Sense taste* hear see*
Perception smell* feel*

(5)Other seem cost be* consist of
Existing look* owe exist contain
States appear* weigh* inclue


PAST TENSE
3. Past Tense ( I did)
Is used to talk about actions or situations in the past.

Verb; Kata Kerja (Active)

+ S + VII + O They played football game yesterday
- S + did + not + V1+ O They did not play football game yesterday
? did + S + V1 + O did They play football game yesterday?
?- did + not + S + V1 + O didn’t They play football game yesterday?

Verb (passive)

+ S + to be + VIII + by.. The game was played by them yesterday
- S + to be + not + VIII+by… The game was not played by them yesterda
? to be + S + V1III + by.. was the game played by them yesterday?
?- to be + not + S + V1II + by.. wasn’t the game played by them yesterday?

Adjective (adj); kata sifat (active)

+ S + to be + adj + O The flowers were very beautiful yesterday
- S + to be + not + adj+ O The flowers were not beautiful
? to be + S + adj + O were the flowers beautiful yesterday?
?- to be + not + S + adj + O weren’t that flowers beautiful?

Noun (N); kata benda

+ S + to be + noun it was a house
- S + to be + not + noun it was not a house
? to be + S + noun was it a house?
?- to be + not + S + noun wasn’t it a house?


4. Past Continuous Tense ( I was doing)
Is used to say someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.

Verb ( Active)

+ S + to be + V1 + ing + O She was studying English when I came
yesterday
- S + to be + not + V1 + ing + O She was not studying English when I came
yesterday
? to be + S + V1+ ing + O was she studying English when I came
yesterday?
?- to be + not + S + V1+ ing + O wasn’t she studying English when I came
yesterday?

Verb (Passive)

+ S + to be + being + VIII + O English was being studied by her when I
came yesterday?
- S + to be + not +being + VIII + O English was not being studied by her when i
came yesterday.
? to be + S + being +VIII + O was English being studied by her when I
came yesterday?
?- to be + not + S +being+ VIII+ O wasn’t English being studied by her when i
came yesterday?

a.Past continuous had already started before this time, but had not finished yet.

This time last night I was watching movie in my room.
What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?

b.Past continuous does not tell us whether an action was finished or not

Tom was cooking the dinner when we left him = he was in the middle of cooking the dinner and we don’t know whether he finished cooking it.
Tom cooked the dinner ( past tense) = he began and finished it.

c.often use Past continuous ( I was doing) and the past simple ( I did) together
something happened in the middle of something else;

Ali burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner
It was raining when I got up
Ali cut his skin when he was shaving his beard

Compare;
we were having dinner when Ali arrived (= past continuous)
we had already started dinner before Ali arrived (=past tense).